I am not in the business of film review. Our editorial staff here at ModState has established this as an uncompromising policy position. Oh, and this columnist has no interest in such an endeavor. Ever. In any way. So, relax. We’re not doing it.
With that, I’d like to praise Al Eldeen’s wonderfully direct, accurate and succinct description for ModState of the 13th Amendment, one of his series of educational examinations of the amendments to our U.S. Constitution. In that contribution, Al mentions one troubling part of this, that being that the amendment that supposedly abolishes slavery in this country. In his analysis, Al draws attention to a line in the first part of the 13th Amendment that says slavery is illegal from this point in 1865 on, except as punishment for a crime. In his writing, Al mentions the necessity of coming back to that “later.” I’d like to come back to that.
Since first researching for the “Shoot vs. Shot” column, Political Beast has had a suspicion that the ACLU and Blake Feldman might just have gotten it right in emphasizing the lock that the current system has on poverty and crime and keeping blacks buried underneath the avalanche of it all. Well, buried underneath a very different avalanche (that of the media attention surrounding Trump’s surprise recent victory at the polls) is a phenomenally well-made documentary by Netflix, entitled simply “13th.” Again, I’m not reviewing film here, but I am going to address some of the points made in this seminal work by some of the most renowned civil rights figures/activists as impacts that blurb in the 13th Amendment that allows for slavery being legal: as a punishment for crime.
Without critiquing the many personalities chosen by the documentary filmmakers of “13th,” this is where I’ll point out that Michelle Alexander has spent her entire career attacking police as the source of black negative identity. She ventures that Angela Davis’ martyr attitude is based on her arrest associated with Black Panthers assassinating police officers and prison guards. She further asserts that Van Jones’ normalization is because CNN can look past the source of his popularity, based on attacking American industry of any kind for destroying the planet and all industry being prejudiced against any non-white person.
Sorry, I digress.
What matters the most about this documentary is the truth it exposes about the application of the “as punishment” clause since the 13th Amendment’s adoption.
First, there was slavery. After the 13th Amendment, blacks had no jobs. They were free, but they had no jobs. In the 1870’s, vagrancy laws were passed, allowing white police to arrest young men (some as young as 11 or 12) and put them in chain gangs which were then hired out to pick cotton through “convict lease” contracts to local plantations. Slavery?
When the “convict lease” system was declared illegal in a few different federal courts in the 1890s’s, white local governments created “Jim Crow” and Segregation law. Now, anyone trying to step out of place or attempting to claim their civil rights became criminals, so they’d lock them up. Slavery?
In 1968, Richard Nixon instituted his “War on Crime,” fueled by the fear of opposition to war protests, linked to the chaos in the inner city, specifically, the Federal “Housing Projects.” Ronald Reagan comes along in 1980 and declares a “War on Drugs.” This is a fantastic moment, and a great opportunity to focus on treatment. Instead, our nation’s policy focuses on use and possession, as well as sales (but mostly on possession). Get caught in possession of illegal substances? You get locked up. Slavery?
Incidentally, public opinion in 1980 shows that most Americans saw drugs as a non-issue that Reagan forced into the public conscience. Laws on crack cocaine led to a massive invasion of black communities by law enforcement, funded by the federal government. The media term “Super-Predators,” repeated by Hillary Clinton in 1992, led black communities to turn on their own by viewing even the youngest teens as dangerous rapists even as DNA evidence later proved many of these young people innocent. Bill Clinton’s “Three Strikes and You’re Out” policy meant mandatory minimum sentences paired with no parole. The 1994 Omnibus Crime Bill paid for the building of new prisons, militarizing local police jurisdictions (why does Bangor, Maine need a S.W.A.T. team?) as ALEC (The American Legislative Executive Council) became the most successful lobbying firm on behalf of private prisons on the one hand (paired, recall, with mandatory minimums on the other).
Okay, so for any of us interested in moving past all of this, let’s face the current facts of incarceration (slavery?) as it is now being institutionalized: Since 2007, ALEC and innumerable Democrats and Republicans in the U.S. Congress (as well as the local level) have passed legislation moving from funding private prisons to funding private bail companies, monetizing plans in local jails for telephone service, health care, food service, and a remarkable rise in the use of prison labor. This labor is then used in agriculture, the textile industry, in manufacturing and drilling oil. These inmates are then required to spend the little money they make on overpriced phone calls which is paid to the same companies contracted to “employ” them. Arrests are being made that have no validity but so long as pay, you may get out. However, if you choose to defend yourself and fight the system, you may sit and rot. Guilty? Then you get used to the system, funded by tax dollars further supported by your family trying to have a phone conversation with you.
I don’t do film review, so I would never make a statement like, “Anyone who has an interest in race relations in this country should be required to put tape over their mouths and be unable to speak until watching this film.” All we were attempting in this addendum was to address Al Eldeen’s important point that this little blurb in the 13th Amendment is significant, that it needs to be talked about, and that it has had some real impact on the lives of the 5 million (or so) blacks who have been imprisoned since 1865.
Slavery?